OSI vs TCP/IP
OSI MODEL
Layer 7: Application
This is the layer the user is interacting with (software). This can be skype, chrome etc.
Layer 6: Presentation
This is the OS.
Layer 5: Session
This layer deals with communication between two devices. For example: when the user goes to a website, the user’s computer must open a session between itself and server hosting the website, thus allowing the user to receive the website in the first place. The same goes for any sort of communication, ie VOIP etc.
Layer 4: Transport
This layer deals how much information is sent back and forth in a session. Using the website example it handles the information the user sends in a request, and then the information the server has to retrieve and send back in order for you to see the website.
Layer 3: Network
This is where routers operate. Anything regarding the TCP/IP protocol happens here. Think IP’s, subnet masks, default gateways etc.
Layer 2: Data Link
This is where switches operate.
Layer 1: Physical
This is the physical stuff connecting computers together (cables, switches, routers, modems etc etc).
TCP/IP
Here are the different layers and just some of the embedded protocols and functions:
- Layer 1—Data Link
- Protocols that work with network hardware, Ethernet and VPNs
- Layer 2—Internet
- IP (Internet Protocol)
- IPv6 (Internet Protocol Version 6)
- ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
- RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol)
- ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
- IPSec (IP Security Protocols)
- L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol)
- CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing)
- Layer 3—Transport
- TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
- UDP (User Diagram Protocol)
- Layer 4—Application
- DNS (Domain Name Service)
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
- HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
- SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
- POP3 (Post Office Protocol Version 3)
- Telnet
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